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北(bei)京智慧(hui)農(nong)夫農(nong)業科技(ji)有限(xian)公司

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經濟日報：補短板建好現代設施農業！

發表(biao)時間：2025-01-18 15:43

中央農村工作會(hui)議提出，“推進農業(ye)科(ke)技(ji)力(li)量協同攻關，加快科(ke)技(ji)成果大面積(ji)推廣應用，因地制宜發(fa)展農業(ye)新(xin)質生產(chan)力(li)”。在(zai)農業(ye)與科(ke)學技(ji)術相輔相成的(de)過程中，發(fa)展現代設施農業(ye)是(shi)重要一招，值得(de)分析研(yan)究。

現(xian)(xian)代(dai)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)是利用現(xian)(xian)代(dai)信(xin)息技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、生(sheng)物技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、工程裝(zhuang)備技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)與現(xian)(xian)代(dai)經營管(guan)理方(fang)式，為動植(zhi)物生(sheng)長(chang)提(ti)供相對可(ke)控(kong)制的(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)件，在一定程度上(shang)擺脫自(zi)然依賴進行高效(xiao)生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)類型，涵蓋設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)畜牧(mu)、設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)漁(yu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)和提(ti)供支撐服務(wu)的(de)公共(gong)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)等。經過多年發展，我(wo)國現(xian)(xian)代(dai)設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)取(qu)得明顯成效(xiao)，設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)水(shui)平不斷提(ti)升，在規(gui)模、產(chan)能、技(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)、綠色、環(huan)保(bao)及穩產(chan)保(bao)供、興業(ye)(ye)(ye)富民等方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)都有了(le)長(chang)足(zu)發展，對保(bao)障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)有效(xiao)供給、促進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民增(zeng)收發揮了(le)積極作用，甚(shen)至在一些領域走(zou)在世界前列。數據顯示，我(wo)國設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)(mian)積已達4000多萬畝(mu)，占世界設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)總面(mian)(mian)(mian)積的(de)80%以上(shang)，約70％肉(rou)蛋奶和52％養殖水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)由設(she)施(shi)(shi)(shi)養殖提(ti)供。

不(bu)少地(di)區積極(ji)采取創(chuang)新(xin)舉措(cuo)，推(tui)動現代設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)提(ti)質增(zeng)效。例如，北京昌(chang)平區的(de)現代設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)發展迅速(su)，各類新(xin)型(xing)設(she)(she)施(shi)的(de)應用規模不(bu)斷擴大，設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)成為帶動本地(di)區農(nong)(nong)業(ye)高質量發展的(de)“新(xin)引(yin)擎”，這在全(quan)國(guo)范圍(wei)內(nei)也具(ju)有(you)一定普遍(bian)性。具(ju)體來講(jiang)，其設(she)(she)施(shi)類型(xing)中的(de)日光(guang)溫(wen)室(shi)可在最低溫(wen)度-28℃的(de)地(di)區不(bu)加溫(wen)進行果菜(cai)越冬栽培，提(ti)供了中國(guo)特色設(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)節(jie)能(neng)節(jie)本的(de)樣板。

一系(xi)(xi)列相關(guan)政策的(de)出(chu)臺(tai)，也為現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業的(de)高質(zhi)量發(fa)展(zhan)提供了明(ming)確(que)方向。國務院辦公廳印(yin)發(fa)的(de)《關(guan)于踐行大(da)食物觀構(gou)建多元(yuan)化(hua)食物供給體系(xi)(xi)的(de)意見(jian)》，明(ming)確(que)提出(chu)加快發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業。2023年(nian)發(fa)布的(de)《全國現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業建設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)規(gui)劃（2023—2030年(nian)）》則提出(chu)，到2030年(nian)，全國現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業規(gui)模(mo)進(jin)一步擴大(da)，區域布局(ju)更加合理，科技裝備條件(jian)顯著改善，穩產保供能(neng)力進(jin)一步提升，設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業勞動生產率(lv)、土地產出(chu)率(lv)和(he)資源利(li)用率(lv)明(ming)顯提高，發(fa)展(zhan)質(zhi)量效益和(he)競(jing)爭力不斷增(zeng)(zeng)強，從(cong)事設(she)(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)業生產的(de)農(nong)(nong)民收入大(da)幅增(zeng)(zeng)長。

不過，一(yi)些短板弱項也顯而易見。例如，設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業總量不足與設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)落后并(bing)存，集約生產有待(dai)加(jia)強、質量有待(dai)提高，綠(lv)色轉型任務(wu)(wu)較重、配套(tao)服務(wu)(wu)較為滯后、要素保(bao)障支撐不足、規模集成(cheng)效應(ying)優勢仍需(xu)彰顯，等(deng)等(deng)。對此，應(ying)多措并(bing)舉(ju)，推(tui)動現代(dai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業保(bao)增產促增收(shou)。

在產(chan)業(ye)層面，深化(hua)(hua)全國范圍內區域(yu)合(he)作，一二三產(chan)聯動，促進產(chan)加銷(xiao)融(rong)合(he)，推(tui)動現(xian)代(dai)(dai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)向區域(yu)集群化(hua)(hua)、智(zhi)能綠色(se)化(hua)(hua)、全產(chan)業(ye)鏈系統化(hua)(hua)方(fang)向發(fa)展(zhan)，不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)善聯農(nong)帶(dai)農(nong)利益聯結機制。支(zhi)持設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)領域(yu)重(zhong)點(dian)實(shi)驗室、設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)備制造創(chuang)新平臺等建設(she)(she)，推(tui)動產(chan)學研深度融(rong)合(he)，實(shi)施(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)專用品種選(xuan)育、病蟲害防(fang)治等科(ke)技項(xiang)目，強化(hua)(hua)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)備工程化(hua)(hua)協同攻關，開展(zhan)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)新能源裝(zhuang)備、新技術研發(fa)與推(tui)廣應用，加快解(jie)決制約設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的重(zhong)大(da)(da)關鍵和共(gong)性(xing)技術問題。以全國超大(da)(da)、特大(da)(da)和大(da)(da)中城市郊(jiao)區及其周邊區域(yu)為重(zhong)點(dian)，在尊重(zhong)地方(fang)差異性(xing)基礎上，突出發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)代(dai)(dai)都市型智(zhi)慧設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)，推(tui)動建立健全基礎性(xing)的現(xian)代(dai)(dai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)業(ye)全國標準體系。

在企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)層面，充(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮市(shi)場(chang)(chang)導向作用，積(ji)極(ji)引(yin)導各類經營(ying)主體(ti)(ti)參與現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)(she)(she)。支持(chi)設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)認(ren)定農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)，培育(yu)一批龍(long)(long)頭(tou)(tou)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)牽頭(tou)(tou)、家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)和農(nong)(nong)(nong)民合作社(she)跟進、廣(guang)大(da)小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶參與的農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)聯(lian)合體(ti)(ti)，整合行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資(zi)(zi)源，提升全產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈標(biao)準化(hua)生產(chan)水(shui)平，推動現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提檔(dang)升級。發(fa)揮好典(dian)型引(yin)領(ling)區示范(fan)帶動作用，不斷提高(gao)標(biao)準化(hua)程度，加(jia)快(kuai)克服散(san)戶經營(ying)與規(gui)模化(hua)不足問題。鼓勵支持(chi)引(yin)導企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)協同攻堅現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展所需關鍵性核(he)心技術難點、堵點的積(ji)極(ji)性。吸引(yin)更多社(she)會資(zi)(zi)本投資(zi)(zi)現(xian)代設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)建設(she)(she)(she)，創新加(jia)大(da)投融資(zi)(zi)支持(chi)。強化(hua)品(pin)牌營(ying)銷，加(jia)快(kuai)精品(pin)培育(yu)，積(ji)極(ji)推動惠民惠農(nong)(nong)(nong)電子商務平臺建設(she)(she)(she)和發(fa)展。培育(yu)一批設(she)(she)(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營(ying)示范(fan)家(jia)庭農(nong)(nong)(nong)場(chang)(chang)、示范(fan)合作社(she)，健(jian)全完善聯(lian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)帶農(nong)(nong)(nong)機(ji)制，帶動小農(nong)(nong)(nong)戶發(fa)展。

此外，用好中國國際農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)會(hui)、網絡購物節(jie)等平臺，創響一批品(pin)(pin)(pin)質過硬、特色突(tu)出、競(jing)爭力強的區域公用品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)、企業(ye)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)和(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)牌(pai)，讓優質的設施(shi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)得(de)好、賣好價。依托中國農民豐收(shou)節(jie)、中國國際農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)交(jiao)易(yi)會(hui)等活動(dong)，利(li)用舉辦論壇、交(jiao)流研討、開(kai)