2023年中(zhong)央一(yi)號文(wen)件已經發(fa)布，文(wen)件明確指出：發(fa)展(zhan)現(xian)代(dai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業。實施(shi)(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業現(xian)代(dai)化提(ti)(ti)升行動(dong)。加快(kuai)發(fa)展(zhan)水(shui)(shui)稻集中(zhong)育秧(yang)中(zhong)心(xin)和蔬(shu)菜(cai)集約化育苗(miao)中(zhong)心(xin)。加快(kuai)糧食烘干(gan)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)冷(leng)藏(zang)、冷(leng)鏈物流設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)建設(she)(she)。集中(zhong)連片推(tui)進(jin)老舊蔬(shu)菜(cai)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)改造提(ti)(ti)升。推(tui)進(jin)畜(chu)禽規(gui)模(mo)化養殖場和水(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)(chan)養殖池(chi)塘改造升級。在保護(hu)生態和不增加用(yong)水(shui)(shui)總(zong)量(liang)前提(ti)(ti)下，探索科學利用(yong)戈壁、沙漠(mo)等發(fa)展(zhan)設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業。鼓勵地(di)方(fang)對設(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)業建設(she)(she)給予信貸(dai)貼(tie)息。今天北京智慧農夫農業科技有限公司的小編農夫哥就為大家解讀一下什么是設施農業呢？設施農業到底能干什么？

設施(shi)農業是指(zhi)利用新型生產設備、現代農業工程技術、管理技術調控溫(wen)室、塑料大棚等(deng)(deng)保護設施(shi)內(nei)蔬菜、果(guo)樹(shu)、花卉(hui)等(deng)(deng)植(zhi)(zhi)物生長(chang)的(de)溫(wen)、光、水、土(tu)、氣、肥(fei)等(deng)(deng)環(huan)境參數因子，對植(zhi)(zhi)物的(de)生長(chang)發育環(huan)境進行整體或局部范圍(wei)的(de)改善(shan)，使植(zhi)(zhi)物生長(chang)不受或很少受自然(ran)條件制約，在有限的(de)土(tu)地(di)上投入較少的(de)勞動(dong)力，建(jian)立(li)植(zhi)(zhi)物周年連續生產系統，實現植(zhi)(zhi)物高效優質(zhi)生產的(de)一種現代農業生產方式(shi)，是屬于生產可(ke)反(fan)時(shi)令性、生產可(ke)類型多樣化的(de)高投入、高產出、高效益產業。

設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)是農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志(zhi)，也是現(xian)代(dai)化農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)建(jian)設(she)任(ren)務(wu)。我國的(de)(de)(de)設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)較(jiao)國外起(qi)步(bu)晚，在設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)、技術研究、裝備研發(fa)(fa)、資金投入等方(fang)面(mian)都與國外發(fa)(fa)達(da)國家(jia)存在較(jiao)大差距(ju)。為改變設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)足，增強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)抗風險能(neng)力(li)，設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)以(yi)科技為支撐，以(yi)市場為導向(xiang)，代(dai)表了(le)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)方(fang)向(xiang)，是衡量一個國家(jia)或地區農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)現(xian)代(dai)化水(shui)平的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)標志(zhi)之一。設(she)施(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)能(neng)夠有效提高土(tu)地生產(chan)率(lv)、勞動生產(chan)率(lv)以(yi)及農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)全要(yao)素生產(chan)率(lv)，有助于(yu)推(tui)動傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)種植業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)養殖業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)向(xiang)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)轉(zhuan)型升(sheng)級，促(cu)進農(nong)(nong)(nong)民從務(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)向(xiang)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)工人轉(zhuan)變，拓(tuo)展(zhan)(zhan)農(nong)(nong)(nong)民增收渠道和農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)增值(zhi)空間(jian)，賦能(neng)鄉村振興(xing)。

“一號文(wen)件”提出(chu)要保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)重(zhong)要農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)有效供給(gei)，穩定糧(liang)食、蔬菜、肉類生產(chan)，作(zuo)為現代農(nong)(nong)(nong)業的重(zhong)要生產(chan)手(shou)段方式(shi)，設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業需要充分發揮反季節保(bao)護地生產(chan)栽培優勢，為市場(chang)提供特色鮮明(ming)，多樣化、高(gao)品(pin)質(zhi)化的農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)。同時(shi)，還(huan)需重(zhong)點實施(shi)(shi)設(she)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)產(chan)量(liang)與質(zhi)量(liang)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)措施(shi)(shi)，確保(bao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)的有效供給(gei)。

在農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)過(guo)程(cheng)中，由(you)于農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)不確定性(xing)和自(zi)然環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)復雜性(xing)，而(er)導致的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)受損的(de)(de)現象。這些風(feng)(feng)險(xian)一(yi)般都是難以預(yu)測的(de)(de)，即(ji)便能預(yu)測的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，也難以經(jing)人(ren)力進行抗拒。而(er)設(she)施農(nong)(nong)業(ye)則不然，可有效抵抗和防(fang)范自(zi)然災害對(dui)農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)損壞，確保農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)(wu)在不利條(tiao)件下正常生(sheng)長。

中(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)業(ye)落(luo)后在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)工具(ju)與生(sheng)產(chan)效率上，因此在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)工具(ju)同等(deng)(deng)的情況下(xia)，如何(he)提高生(sheng)產(chan)效率就成為(wei)我們跑贏競爭對手的關鍵(jian)點。設施農(nong)業(ye)將會(hui)在(zai)物聯網、互聯網等(deng)(deng)方面的應用，為(wei)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)帶來(lai)便(bian)捷與幫助，從而提高了農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)效率，加(jia)快了農(nong)產(chan)品疾病防治、農(nong)作物成長。

設(she)施農(nong)業可有效利(li)(li)用(yong)土(tu)地(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)、緩解糧菜(cai)爭(zheng)(zheng)地(di)矛盾的重要途(tu)徑。現(xian)(xian)代設(she)施種植通(tong)過(guo)品種改良、基質調(diao)(diao)配、環境(jing)調(diao)(diao)控、肥水(shui)一體化等(deng)技術的集成應用(yong)，充分利(li)(li)用(yong)光溫資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，統(tong)籌棚內肥水(shui)管理，重構作物生(sheng)長環境(jing)，既能高效利(li)(li)用(yong)耕地(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)，又可以(yi)在戈壁、荒漠、灘涂、鹽(yan)堿地(di)等(deng)不(bu)(bu)適合大(da)田作物生(sheng)長的非耕地(di)發展，一定程度(du)上突破了傳統(tong)農(nong)業對耕地(di)和水(shui)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的高度(du)依(yi)賴(lai)，實現(xian)(xian)“不(bu)(bu)與糧爭(zheng)(zheng)地(di)、不(bu)(bu)與糧爭(zheng)(zheng)水(shui)”，是(shi)緩解糧菜(cai)爭(zheng)(zheng)地(di)矛盾的關(guan)鍵抓手。